CCAMLR

This paper provides an update on the development of safety measures for non-SOLAS vessels, including fishing vessels, by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and refers to initiatives aimed at the implementation of the IMO’s Polar Code. It also elaborates on the development of an action plan to address marine plastic pollution from shipping by the IMO. ASOC calls on CCAMLR and its Members to contribute to expanded cooperation between the IMO and the Antarctic Treaty System in areas of relevance to fishing vessels including by:

• Engaging fully in the negotiations at the IMO to ensure that any recommendatory or mandatory provisions adopted for non-SOLAS vessels are “fit for purpose” in the Antarctic Area (south of 60°S).
• Designating a CCAMLR observer to the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee and relevant technical sub-committees to facilitate CCAMLR’s engagement in developing guidelines and mandatory measures for fishing vessels operating in polar waters.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
• Supporting urgent and effective action through the IMO to address the threat from ship-sourced marine plastics.
• Assisting in the collection and analysis of data to inform management and mitigation of vessel impacts on marine mammals including avoidance planning by ships operating in Antarctic waters.

Further CCAMLR should:

• Note the operationalization of the Arctic Council’s Arctic Shipping Best Practice Information Forum and agree to collaborate meaningfully in the exchange of best practice.

The CCAMLR Member States were informed by the circular letter of CCAMLR No COMM CIRC 17/100 that the fishing vessel "Sunstar" (flying the flag of the Republic of Korea) picked up the unidentified fishing gear at CCAMLR Fishing Area 88.1С on November 23, 2017 which was set before starting of fishing period 2017/2018.  The State Agency of Fisheries of Ukraine informs about activities of Ukrainian fishing vessels,  which were licensed to do harvesting operations of the toothfish species in the CCAMLR fishing areas (88.1, 88.2) during the 2017/2018 fishing period.

Improving monitoring and control of transhipments continues to be a key issue for CCAMLR. The 2^nd Performance Review Panel (PR2) has recommended that CCAMLR take action on transhipments, but this has not yet occurred. ASOC provides further detail on how CCAMLR could implement the PR2 recommendations and make CCAMLR a leader in this area. ASOC recommends that CCAMLR:

• Prevent NCP carrier vessels from being authorized to tranship as CCAMLR has limited ability to hold non-contracting parties accountable for non-compliance by their flagged vessels.

• Develop and require use of a standardized transhipment declaration form to ensure consistent reporting between vessels. This is a requirement at many RFMOs including ICCAT, IOTC, WCPFC, and IATTC.
• Require 100% VMS reporting for transshipment events and 100% observer coverage for such events, including on carrier vessels.
• Provide an annual report to SCIC on transshipments to provide full transparency on catches in the Convention Area.

CCAMLR and the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA) signed an Arrangement last year that included several areas for cooperation between the two organizations. Before this process was completed, however, significant fishing took place in SIOFA waters on toothfish stocks that straddle between the two areas. ASOC believes such fishing was not in the spirit of the Arrangement or the CAMLR Convention, and recommends that CCAMLR take the following steps:

• Convene a joint CCAMLR-SIOFA technical workshop as soon as possible to advance cooperation as specified in the Arrangement.
• Request that SIOFA, at its next Meeting of Parties (MoP), enact Conservation and Management Measures (CMMs) with the same substantive provisions as all CCAMLR CMs relevant to the toothfish fishery.
• Enact a Conservation Measure affirming the responsibility of Members who fish in adjacent areas on CCAMLR straddling stocks to follow all CCAMLR CMs.
• Request SIOFA to adopt the CCAMLR process for setting toothfish TACs as the basis for the TACs of these straddling toothfish stocks in the SIOFA Area.

The world is in a global climate and biodiversity crisis. Multiple international targets call for a global network of MPAs to curb biodiversity loss, and both the first and second CCAMLR Performance Review Panels (2008 and 2017, respectively) made recommendations for CCAMLR to advance its MPA work. Nearly two decades since MPA discussions began, there are significant gaps in the system of CCAMLR MPAs. This has implications not only for the conservation of marine life in the Convention Area but also in addressing the global climate and biodiversity crisis. ASOC calls on CCAMLR to realize the bulk of a representative system of MPAs by 2020, specifically recommending that CCAMLR:

1. Acknowledges the climate and biodiversity crisis and commits to adopting well-designed robust MPAs which have no duration and significant no-take regions.
2. Adopts the EAMPA proposal without a duration now, including MacRobertson, Drygalski and D’Urville Sea-Mertz areas.
3. Adopts Phase 1 of the WSMPA in 2019, and adopts Phase 2 no later than 2023. Neither Phase 1 or Phase 2 should have a duration.
4. Adopts a D1MPA with without a duration in 2019, including the extension of no-take zones to all areas previously identified as critical to ensure conservation objectives are met.
5. Develops MPAs in un-represented regions of the Convention Area, including Domain 9.

The second CCAMLR Performance Review Panel in 2017 recommended that the “relationship between krill and whales may need greater attention” (CCAMLR-XXXVI/01). There have recently been significant advancements in the understanding of the status of whales, much of scientific and management relevance to CCAMLR. As CCAMLR works to progress management of the krill fishery and develops a network of marine protected areas (MPAs), it is crucial to incorporate information on whale ecology including foraging distribution, abundance and behavior into SC-CAMLR advice and CCAMLR conservation measures.    

ASOC therefore recommends that CCAMLR:

•       Consider the most recent and best available science on the foraging needs of baleen whales including humpback, fin, sei, blue and minke whales in krill fisheries management and MPA design.

•       Increase formal cooperation and knowledge sharing between CCAMLR and International Whaling Commission (IWC) scientists, including inviting IWC-SORP (Southern Ocean Research Programme) participation in SC-CAMLR meetings.

•       Conduct a joint CCAMLR / IWC Workshop to agree on a common agenda for further studies, cooperation and data sharing for the Southern Ocean to allow for the inclusion of whales in CEMP.

•       Assist in the collection and analysis of data to inform management and mitigation of vessel impacts on marine mammals including avoidance planning by ships operating in Antarctic waters.

A list of events attended by the Scholarship holder for 2019 with the support of the CCAMLR Scientific Scholarship is presented. The types of work that have been completed and the knowledge that is planned to be acquired during the visit to the Mentor are presented.

To move towards ecosystem-based management of the Antarctic krill fishery and meet the requirements of Article II of the Convention, ASOC recommends that:

• SC-CAMLR endorses the work plan proposed by WG-EMM and prioritizes implementation of the work plan to enable revision of Conservation Measure (CM) 51-07.
• SC-CAMLR agrees on the need to conduct subarea or finer scale stock assessments on a regular basis, reconciles methodological discrepancies between the 2000 and 2019 surveys, and develops standardised survey methods prior to conducting any future surveys.
• SC-CAMLR provides advice on changes to krill catch reporting including 1) developing methods to accurately report catch despite differences in greenweight across vessels; 2) ensuring guides for finfish larvae and ice krill are provided to SISO observers; 3) ensuring a method for bycatch reporting at 2-hour intervals in the continuous mid-water trawl method.
• CCAMLR reviews CM 21-03 to incorporate the agreed methodology to estimate 2-hour interval catches in the continuous mid-water trawl fishing gear.
• SC-CAMLR organizes a technical workshop to undertake a comprehensive review of CEMP, considering the growing ecosystem monitoring requirements of CCAMLR.

ASOC has submitted 7 background papers to this CCAMLR meeting, all containing policy recommendations on a variety of issues relevant to the work of the Commission, including on marine protected areas, krill fisheries management, climate change, vessel safety, transhipment and toothfish fisheries. Throughout the intersessional period, ASOC and its member groups have conducted a variety of activities with the aim of supporting Antarctic conservation: supporting science, engaging in public advocacy, and facilitating opportunities for discussion between CCAMLR stakeholders. CCAMLR must respond to the ongoing climate and biodiversity crisis and take immediate steps to achieve the long-term conservation of the Southern Ocean.