Identified adverse impacts and threats to VMEs (including seamounts, hydrothermal vents, cold water corals and sponge fields) resulted in a call for global action to regulate bottom fishing in the high seas. Responding to this call, CCAMLR developed methods for identifying VMEs and encounter protocols for fishing vessels. A range of Conservation measures have been put in place by CCAMLR to address the protection of VMEs.
CCAMLR implements measures to support the conservation and management of Antarctic living marine resources by reducing the risk harvesting activities may have on the sustainability of target species, on species taken incidentally as by-catch and on the marine ecosystem. CCAMLR seeks to achieve optimal levels of compliance with conservation measures and has been pioneering in its endeavors to achieve this.