For several years, ASOC has been calling for improved management of Antarctic krill fisheries. In this paper, ASOC urges CCAMLR to continue to work towards requiring 100% scientific observer coverage on board krill vessels, identifying priority objectives for research and development in support of the management of the krill fishery, conducting a new krill synoptic survey, keeping the trigger level as the enforceable catch limit, improving monitoring through a strengthened CEMP program, continuing efforts towards estimating green weight and krill escape mortality, reviewing krill notifications procedures with the aim of reducing speculative notifications, and requiring mandatory ice-strengthening for krill fishing vessels.
Abstract:
CCAMLR began work to develop a representative system of marine protected areas (MPAs) in 2005. Now in 2014, despite commitment within both the Scientific Committee and the Commission and the concerted effort by CCAMLR Members, significant progress towards implementing a representative system of MPAs has stalled. Furthermore, ASOC has been concerned to see a diminishing scale of ambition for CCAMLR’s representative system of MPAs and marine reserves. ASOC believes that the changes to proposed CCAMLR MPAs over the past several years have reflected a ‘lowest common denominator’ approach to consensus decision-making. The time has come for CCAMLR to move decisively towards meeting its commitment to implement a representative system of MPAs by designating the East Antarctic and Ross Sea MPAs.
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Abstract:
There are a number of actions that CCAMLR and its members should implement to improve the governance and control of fishing vessels in the Southern Ocean, thereby enhancing safety, and improving ecosystem-based management and environmental protection. These actions include a mandatory requirement for ice-strengthening for fishing vessels, a two-tier system of training for vessels crews and Masters, and identification of requirements for environmental response and monitoring in the event of an incident. Additionally, CCAMLR should make a commitment to engage fully in the extension of the Polar Code to non-SOLAS vessels including fishing vessels and should inform the IMO of recent incidents involving fishing vessels in the Southern Ocean and developments introduced by CCAMLR.
Abstract:
CCAMLR has previously recognized the importance of considering climate change impacts when making management decisions. However, to date this has not been explicitly incorporated in most working papers, even though climate change and ocean acidification are relevant to a wide range of policy decisions. Government bodies often require the inclusion of similar statements to be included with the submission of new or revised legislation or regulations when an issue has relevance to a broad spectrum of decisions. ASOC therefore recommends that CCAMLR adopt a resolution urging Members to include a climate change implications statement in their working papers and fisheries reports. This text could also be appended to Resolution 30/XXVIII.
Abstract:
Policymakers and marine managers are increasingly using MPAs and marine reserves to achieve better conservation outcomes for marine areas. As these areas grow in number, it is important to analyze whether they are in fact achieving their desired outcomes and what factors led to their success. One major study published this year identified five characteristics of MPAs that achieved statistically significant outcomes on fish population metrics, including: “no take, well enforced, old (>10 years), large (>100km2) and isolated by deep water or sand” (Edgar et al. 2014). Two analyses of New Zealand’s system of marine reserves, which has now been in place for several decades, indicate unexpected benefits for scientists and scientific research. NZ’s no-take reserves have effectively served as “control” areas without which researchers would not have been able to draw fully informed conclusions. CCAMLR should consider these findings as they discuss the current Ross Sea and East Antarctica proposals, as well as future MPA proposals, to ensure that Southern Ocean MPAs will likewise achieve their desired conservation and scientific outcomes.
Abstract:
La légine australe et la légine antarctique sont l'objet d'un commerce international et sont considérées comme étant d'un grand intérêt commercial pour les 13 nations qui les exploitent activement à des fins de consommation mondiale. L'influence majeure sur le commerce de la légine est détenue par les principales nations consommatrices de ce poisson et il est important de comprendre comment ces consommateurs mènent les opérations de pêche commerciale. Bien que la Commission pour la conservation de la faune et la flore marines de l'Antarctique (CCAMLR) supervise les pêcheries de légine par quantités débarquées, aucune méthode n'est actuellement en place pour contrôler le volume ou la valeur des légines en circulation sur le marché international. Une étude de marché des données d'import et d'export de 2007 à 2012 a été conduite au moyen de la base de données des Nations Unies sur les statistiques sur le commerce mondial des produits de base (Comtrade ONU). Elle avait pour objectif l'examen des motifs récurrents, au niveau mondial, dans les évolutions du prix de vente et du volume commercialisé.
L'analyse s'est focalisée sur les dix pays les plus impliqués dans le commerce de la légine au cours des six ans de la période d'analyse. Le prix moyen (en $/kg) des importations a augmenté de 44% entre 2007 et 2012, malgré une diminution générale du volume commercialisé. Les États-Unis constituaient 54% du total des importations et exerçaient la plus grande influence sur les tendances générales. Le prix moyen des exportations a augmenté de 86,8% entre 2007 et 2012, malgré une diminution générale du volume commercialisé. Les premiers résultats révèlent un lien étroit entre l'offre et la demande au sein des marchés internationaux, ainsi que l'influence de facteurs propres aux pays. Cette étude contribue à la collecte et à l'analyse en cours des données sur le commerce de la légine, qui seront utilisées pour comprendre l'évolution du marché mondial de la légine et faciliter les efforts de gestion.