Domain 1 faces changes to the climate and changes in the operation of the fishery, in which the recent D1MPA preliminary proposal is of particular importance. In this context, the identification of a comprehensive network of reference areas across environmental gradients can play a major role and have significant benefits in understanding change. Existing monitoring programmes and study sites in Domain 1, including integrating programmes such as SOOS, are a strong foundation on which to build scientific reference areas and facilitate coordination and cooperation among Members, as part of a Research and Monitoring Plan for D1MPA.

A principal concern with implementing marine protected areas (MPAs) is the displacement of fishing effort from closed areas, which may result in new and unexpected consequences for both fisheries and the ecosystem. Understanding such outcomes is critical in the Southern Ocean, where MPAs are actively being discussed for achieving a range of protection and sustainable use objectives. Here, we evaluated two MPA scenarios and associated displacements of the Antarctic krill fishery in the Scotia Sea by quantifying their potential to affect risks of depleting krill-dependent predators and costs to the fishery. We employed both a static assessment (based on the design of each MPA scenario and the distributions of krill fishing and krill-dependent predators) and a dynamic risk assessment (based on a minimally realistic, spatially explicit ecosystem model), and considered three alternative redistributions of displaced catches. We found that neither MPA scenario increased the risks of depleting krill predators when closed areas included ca. 80% of predator foraging distributions, but differences between the scenarios suggest ways to improve protection of seals and penguins in the Scotia Sea. Both scenarios could increase total fishery yields, but this benefit came with costs. Realized catches were smaller proportions of overall catch limits, and there was a greater likelihood that low krill densities would cause the fishery to suspend operations. The three alternatives for redistributing displaced fishing had little effect on risks to predators, but evenly redistributing displaced fishing among open areas could be more costly for the fishery than permitting vessels to self-sort among the same areas. Collectively, our results suggest a well-designed MPA in the Scotia Sea may protect krill-dependent predators, preclude requirements for further spatial management of fishing outside its boundaries, and substitute for spatially explicit catch limits in the Antarctic krill fishery.

A significant spatial-temporal variability of the oceanological environmental conditions influencing the formation of biological productivity zone in Subareas 48.5 and 48.6 is revealed.  Analysis of available information for the development of the stock hypothesis for Antarctic toothfish stock in Area 48 requires consideration of environmental variability, especially with the fragmentary nature of these data at all stages of the toothfish life. Otherwise, the results may be insufficiently sound for the development   of an adequate stock hypothesis for D. mawsoni in Area 48.

The development of this stock hypothesis requires the availability of actual data obtained in course of the adequate researches.  Large-scale international multi-vessel surveys in Area 48 as a source of this actual data are proposed.  Some proposal for these surveys have been shown in WS-SM-18/* by the Russian Federation.

The use of MPAs for spatial management in the Convention Area requires, above all, clarity regarding the requirements for the available scientific evidence and information to designate MPAs, including its rationale, planning and functioning. The corresponding proposals are discussed in this paper.

Taking into account the results of the WS-DmPH workshop (Berlin, 2018), proposals are being considered to obtain actual adequate data for the development of a hypothesis on the Dissostichus mawsoni life history and to facilitate the assessment of its stock in Area 48.

The Indian sector of the subantarctic region hosts large populations of top predators which are listed at various level of vulnerability by the IUCN and which are monitored by several bio-logging programs since the late 1980s. Here we analyze more than 800 individuals from seven different pelagic species of albatross, penguins and pinnipeds. Merging our analysis with previous results, we find that the trophic hotspots constitute a network connected by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) through a bottom up effect. When mapped on jurisdictions, this network of hotspots appears to be only partly protected in existing MPAs under national jurisdictions. This study suggests that some High seas areas need to be considered within the CCAMLR area but also the SIOFA.

Following the submission of a first draft Conservation Measure for establishing a MPA in the Weddell Sea (WSMPA) to CCAMLR 2016, Germany has carried out further work on the WSMPA proposal and will submit a revised CM proposal to CCAMLR 2018.

This document informs The Workshop on Spatial Management (WS-SM-2018) about the following revisions carried out to the WSMPA proposal which would fall under the remit of, or might be of interest to participants at the WS-SM 2018:

1. Unifying the previously two separate WSMPA parts into one coherent WSMPA by closing the gap on the eastern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula;
2. Adjustment of the habitat of adult Antarctic toothfish in statistical areas 48.6 and 48.5 as a result of further analyses and modelling of the habitat of adult Antarctic toothfish;
3. Establishment of scientific reference areas in statistical subarea 48.6 for monitoring the effects of harvesting on Antarctic marine living resources and for achieving the WSMPA specific objectives.
4. Changes to the WSMPA Management Plan and the WSMPA Research and Monitoring Plan, inter alia, by taking into account the outcome of the CCAMLR Workshop for the Development of a D. mawsoni Population Hypothesis for Area 48.

The document also seeks the advice of WS-SM-2018 as regards the design of the fisheries research zone (FRZ) foreseen in the draft WSMPA Conservation Measure and the establishment (number, location and size) of unfished scientific reference areas in the habitat for adult Antarctic toothfish in statistical subarea 48.6 (see point 3 above), which could be used for comparative studies into the potential impacts of D. mawsoni fishing operations on the ecosystems and food webs, of which this species is a part.

This document is a short extraction from the article “Benthic ecoregionalisation and conservation issues in the French Exclusive Economic Zone of Kerguelen” submitted the 16/05/2018 to the journal CCAMLR Science for the proceedings of The Second Symposium on Kerguelen Plateau Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries (13–15 November 2017, Hobart, Tasmania). Full text, figures, results, discussion and references will be available in the original article. Original article includes full benthic ecoregionalisation modelling results and an assessment of the new marine reserve of the Kerguelen EEZ regarding to the benthic conservation issues. In this document, a methodological focus is made to highlight the relevance of using the CCAMLR’s Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems bioindicator taxa to build benthic ecoregionalisation models, which constitutes a secondary result of the original study.

The Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle presented at the 2017 EMM Working Group of the CCAMLR a new data acquisition protocol for benthos bycatch in the French fisheries of the Southern Ocean. This new framework has been used to set the field work during the Poker 4 fish biomass survey. The protocol is based on the sampling of specimens and the weighing and photographic sampling of the whole benthos bycatch. The Poker 4 survey permitted to improve significantly the Kerguelen’s benthos database developed by the MNHN, allowing to increase by 86.3 % the quantity of occurrences of organisms within the area. The knowledge about benthic habitats and Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems will be strongly enhanced by the analysis of this new huge dataset. Furthermore, for the first time within the French EEZ, benthic cameras permitted to observe the substrates in this northern part of the Kerguelen Plateau. Upcoming results of the videos analysis and the use of modelling techniques with the related data will allow to establish a complete map of the substrates of the French EEZ.

In order to understand and mitigate for the potential impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on marine predators it is fundamental to gain insight into the drivers behind the temporal variation in their current distribution. With this in mind, we used Platform Terminal Transmitter (PTT) devices to track Adélie and chinstrap penguins breeding on the South Orkney Islands during the pre-moult phase of the annual cycle. We show that Adélie penguins have an affinity to forage and moult on sea-ice, and that chinstraps remain over the shallower shelf waters during pre-moult, and return to the colony to moult. However, habitat models aimed to predict the preferred foraging habitats of penguins during pre-moult had low predictive power. This indicates that predictive models may be insufficient to understand the distribution and foraging behaviour of penguins during certain stages of the life-cycle, and that collecting empirical data from individual colonies or archipelagos is vital if we are to understand the potential implications of future climate warming, or indeed with the overlap with potentially competing fisheries.