The density of Antarctic krill swarm inhabiting the Subarea 48.1, which includes the Elephant Island peripheries and the west and north of the South Shetland Island, was estimated using an acoustics survey. Acoustic data were collected using two frequencies with 38 and 120 kHz from March 8 to 15 in 2019. Krill were collected by the commercial midwater trawl fishing vessel. The data were processed and analyzed by CCAMLR standard protocols using swarm integration (SHAPES module within that software for swarm identification) and interval method based on distribution of (a) total krill AT and (b) each transects krill AT. The weighted krill density was estimated to be 4.27 g/m² (CV=43.42%) applying (a) total krill AT and 4.17 g/m² (CV=44.23%) applying (b) each transects krill AT using swarm integration method and 3.70 g/m² (CV=43.83%) applying (a) total krill AT and 3.49 g/m² (CV=43.60%) applying (b) each transects krill AT using interval method, respectively.

Results from the International Synoptic Krill Survey in Area 48, 2019, are presented. This survey covered both the strata occupied during the CCAMLR 2000 acoustic survey and the strata that comprise the regular AMLR survey. Acoustic transects (10534 n.mi), oceanographic measurements (253 casts), and trawls (164) were carried out as per survey procedures developed in 2018, which were based on the methods and procedures used in the CCAMLR 2000 krill acoustic survey. Backscatter from krill were delineated using the ‘swarms’ method and integrated to produce distribution maps of krill areal density and survey standing stock estimates. Krill areal density for the CCAMLR 2000 strata was 35.2 gm^-2, producing a standing stock estimate of 72 mt with a sampling CV of 13%. For the AMLR strata the density was 64.2 gm^-2, standing stock 8 mt, and a CV of 16%. However, the choice of krill length distributions used to convert acoustic backscatter into krill density has a significant effect on these estimates and requires further consideration.

The annual random stratified trawl survey was undertaken in Division 58.5.2 in the vicinity of Heard Island and McDonald Islands during April 2019. Based on data from this survey, this paper provides a preliminary assessment for mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) population structure, abundance and yield in Division 58.5.2 to the west of 79^o 20’ E using standard CCAMLR methods (CMIX and Generalized Yield Model).

The 2019 survey showed a large 2+ and 3+ cohort in the population. Catches of 527 t in the 2019/20 season and 406 t in the 2020/21 season, respectively, satisfied the CCAMLR decision rules.

Metadata for krill biomass time series obtained by Chinese krill fishing vessel in Subarea 48.1 is submitted with accompanying description of the acoustic survey and data analysis. Distribution of Antarctic krill for the 2013/14 to 2015/16 and the 2017/18 to 2018/19 fishing seasons were mapped by the Chinese F/V Fu Rong Hai to understand the interannual variations of Antarctic krill around the South Shetland Islands, one of the major fishing ground for Antarctic krill in Area 48. Acoustic data were collected with ship-mounted Simrad EK60 scientific echosounder system. A swarm-based Echoview EV template was used for echo-integration, and the areal krill density with coefficient of variance (CV) was calculated following Jolly and Hampton (1990). The results suggest that krill distribution displays an obvious interannual variations. Mean krill density of the whole survey area reveals an increasing trend during the last 6 years, increased from 20.22 g m^-2 in December 2013 to 70.13 g m^-2 in February 2019.

The effect of differences in the methodology used for the CCAMLR 2000 krill acoustic survey and the 2019 synoptic survey were considered. These were 1) the effect of acoustic surveying at night, 2) differing trawl selectivity between the vessels that participated in the survey, and 3) the effect of krill discrimination method. Surveying during the day only produced a 6% increase in the standing stock estimate and the trawl selectivity between vessels had minimal effect on the krill length distributions. The choice of krill discrimination method had a marked effect on the per-stratum biomass estimates. Areas with most of the krill backscatter in well-defined schools were least sensitive to the choice of discrimination method.

As a contribution to the joint effort on the large-scale international synoptic krill survey of Area 48 (2019 Area 48 survey), the Chinese krill fishing vessel F/V Fu Rong Hai conducted the acoustic survey around the South Shetland Islands and the Elephant Islands in the Subarea 48.1 from 5^th to 10^th February 2019. Implementation and preliminary results on the estimates of krill biomass density were presented to the WG-EMM 2019 meeting. After the meeting, the acoustic data were processed further using the swarm-based method to identify krill backscatter as recommended by CCAMLR. Updated analysis shown that mean krill biomass density was 80.7 g m^-2 with a CV of 13.6% in the survey area. However, the krill biomass estimates might be updated pending on the outcome of krill length clustering analysis and discussion on the methodology during this SG-ASAM meeting.